Contingency Argument: Holistic version

1.Each thing in the physical universe is contingent.
2.If each thing in the physical universe is contingent, then the whole physical Universe (itself) is contingent.
3.The whole Universe is contingent. (1, 2 MP)
4.Everything requires a reason for its existence. (Principle of sufficient reason)
5.A reason for the existence of any contingent being is external to the thing.
6.The physical Universe requires a reason of its existence external to itself. (3, 4, 5)
7.There is something external to the physical Universe which is the reason for its existence. (6)
8.If there is something external to the physical Universe which is the reason for its existence, it is God.
9.God exists. (8, 7)


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Richard Lee, rlee@uark.edu, last modified: 31 August 2004