Pascal presumes (for this argument) that reason cannot determine whether God exists, so reason alone cannot determine whether to believe in God.
Payoff Matrix:
God exists | God doesn’t exist | |
Believe in God | Infinite payoff (heaven) | finite
loss at most (Pascal: finite gain) |
Don’t believe | Negative infinite? | finite gain at most |
So, it is smart to bet that God exists.
This doesn’t prove that God exists. But it does (if sound) prove that it is a good idea to believe that God exists.