3a. I believe some people got seriously hurt because I see a crushed car on the ditch on the side of the road.
(The crushed car being in the ditch now and the people being seriously hurt are both collateral effects of a car crash.)
evidential fact | causal relation | believed fact |
---------- | ---------- | ---------- |
The car is now in the ditch. | \ / The car crashed. | People got hurt. |
(The CD appearing in the stores and the web site saying it will appear are both collateral effects of the record company's plan to release the CD.)
evidential fact | causal relation | believed fact |
---------- | ---------- | ---------- |
The web site says the CD will be in stores later this year. | \ / The record company intends to release the CD later this year. | The CD will appear in stores later this year. |