Modus Ponens:
| |
If p, then q. | |
p. | |
q. | |
Example: | |
If there is no God, then life is meaningless. | |
There is no God. | |
Life is meaningless. | |
Modus Tollens: | |
If p, then q. | |
It is not the case that q. | |
It is not the case that p. | |
Example: | |
If an all powerful and all merciful God exists, then there is no evil in the world. | |
It is not the case that there is no evil in the world. | |
It is not the case that an all powerful and all merciful God exists. |