Some people distinguish a nonphysical soul from the mind or "the phenomenal or empirical self." (P 316a)

They claim that the "soul" survives, even if the "mind" does not.

"There are two objections to this rejoinder, each of them fatal." (P 316a)

1. "... there is no reason to suppose that it exists." (P 316b)

But if "what is meant by `soul' [is our emotional and intellectual dispositions], then there is no reason to deny that we have a soul, but the soul in this sense is just as dependent on the body and the brain ..." (P 316bf)

2. "if there were such a thing as the spiritual substance or the metaphysical soul, it would not be what anybody means by `I'" (P 316bf)