1. Conceptual confusions in the general moral principle.

2. Problems in the factual link.

3. Unacceptable conclusions following from the general moral principle when it is combined with certain other factual claims.

4. Moral inconsistency on the part of the person advancing the particular moral judgment in question.

5. Conclusion does not follow from the premises. [not in Callahan]

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Joan C. Callahan Ethical Issues in Professional Life (Oxford University Press, 1988)